Purpose – The purpose of the study was to provide empirical support for the Miller model. The paper proposes the use of the ratio of individual to institutional holdings as a proxy for heterogeneous expectations of security returns. Design/methodology/approach – Both bivariate t-tests and...

Purpose – The purpose of the study was to provide empirical support for the Miller model. The paper proposes the use of the ratio of individual to institutional holdings as a proxy for heterogeneous expectations of security returns. Design/methodology/approach – Both bivariate t‐tests and...