This article argues that state (re)construction and functioning involves negotiated governance between both state and non-state actors, in which power relations between local actors are not just implicitly present or co-influencing policies but are of uttermost importance to the formation of...

Whether or not Mitterand's famous thesis that ‘there can be no democracy without development and no development without democracy‘-super-1is correct, Zaire during the 1990s was a clear case demonstrating the absence of a close relationship between development and democratisation. On the...