The two-country Ricardian trade model with discrete goods and uniform transport costs for tradable goods is applied to the decomposition of the real exchange rate into traded and nontraded components. The real exchange rate is driven almost entirely by changes in the productivity differentials...

The paper gives a simple representation of how oligopoly affects the general theory of international trade. Three points are emphasized: the simplicity of trade under oligopoly in the Ricardian model; the equations describing the general equilibrium of a world economy with any number of goods,...

A new presentation of the specific factors model shows how labor fares under international trade by considering how the price elasticity of the nominal wage rate responds to the terms of trade as well as factor endowments. The key empirical implication is that under a standard assumption about...

When one country has a superior technology in <i>all</i> commodities, a Ricardian model with two goods and two countries is used to examine uncompensated transfers of superior technology in one or both goods. A transfer of the superior but second-best technology always benefits the advanced country...