FDI has received surprisingly little attention in theoretical and empirical work on openness and growth. This paper presents a theoretical growth model where MNCs directly affect the endogenous growth rate via technological spillovers. This is novel since other endogenous growth models with...

The knowledge-capital model (KC model), described in <link rid="b8">Markusen (2002</link>), encompasses both market size (horizontal) as well as factor endowment (vertical) explanations to why multinational production occurs. Although the KC model seems intuitively appealing the empirical support has, so far, been...

This study uses data on Swedish multinationals to estimate cross-elasticities of labor demand in different locations. With a vertical decomposition of the firm's activities, whether there is substitution or complementarity between employment in different parts of the firm will depend on whether...

The paper returns to a familiar topic in international trade, comparative advantage, introducing it into Krugman's classic, core-periphery model of economic geography. This extra force of dispersion radically changes the stability properties of the model. Instead of the familiar result that...

Recent trade models determine the equilibrium distribution of firm-level efficiency endogenously and show that freer trade shifts the distribution towards higher average productivity because of entry and exit of firms. These models ignore the possibility that freer trade also alters the...