Austerity measures have been tested in developing countries for several decades under the pseudo name of ‘structural adjustment programmes’ following the recommendations and under the supervision of the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Evidence indicates...

This article reviews the Keynesian/heterodox critique of free trade and the principle of comparative advantage, and offers some prima facie empirical evidence for North America that contradicts the basic predictions of the traditional free trade model. The evidence supports, instead, the view...