Economists who speak of uncertainty tend to attribute it to the objective, external, world, which they sometimes describe as being uncertain. However plausible this way of speaking about uncertainty, it also causes problems. This essay explore some of these problems, which have to do with what...

This paper explores the relationship between justice and democracy with special reference to economic democracy. Those who favor greater economic democracy sometimes equate justice with democracy, seeing in greater democracy the key to a more just society. The author presents a critique of this...

The idea of poverty has played a central role in political economy since the first pages of the Wealth of Nations, where Adam Smith distinguishes between what he calls the civilized and savage states of man. Classical economists connected the idea of poverty to the idea of subsistence, and the...

This paper explores the questions: what are the main organizing concepts of the older political economy of Smith and Marx; and how do they differ from those typical of more recent work in political economy? Special emphasis is placed on the importance of an idea of development in the older...