Leybourne et al. (1998) have proved the possibility of a `converse Perron phenomenon' when conventional Dickey-Fuller tests are applied to deter-mine the order of integration of a time series. That is, if the true generating process is I(1) but with a break, frequent spurious rejections of the...

Insurance companies have to estimate reserves and provisions to cover the payment of either unreported claims or unsettled claims. In this paper, we apply the Chain-Ladder method to obtain a point estimate of reserves, and then we use the bootstrap technique to estimate the margin of error and...