In this article, we seek to understand the activity and retirement behaviors of the 1940-generation of the pension scheme of the French Social security?s insured, who have an incomplete career, i.e. an insufficient insurance period to fulfill the full-rate pension criterion. From a typology of...

Gender relations have been affected recently by profound changes and by the evolution of the parental roles for men and women. This article deals with an important aspect of this evolution, most notably the parental investment in children?s education as well as the result of that investment on...