Trade in services covers four modes of supply: cross-border trade, consumption abroad, commercial presence and presence of natural persons. Thus, impediments to trade in services involve the regulatory framework. Domestic reforms are at stake to provide falling prices and technology transfers...

The paper focuses on the issue of cross-border trade in services. It argues that its current understanding may be quite misleading. First, bearing in mind Hill?s [1999] services definition, the paper discusses the extent of services-producing activities. It stresses that ?services? exporting...

This paper reviews the recent literature evaluating the effectiveness of US Welfare Reforms implemented in the 90?s and based on a ?Work First?? Strategy applied mostly to single mothers beneficiaries of TANF. In the first section, we present in a historical perspective the 1996 Welfare Reform...

This paper compares a number of economic models of addiction. We show that they are all characterised by specific assumptions relating to tastes, changes in tastes, information and dynamic consistency. From a normative point of view, this rich set of assumptions may justify liberal as well as...

The purpose of this paper is to suggest how to apply the notion of ?normative science??. We propose two resolutions to Sen?s paradox of a Paretian liberal by invoking two opposite philosophic traditions ? liberalism of freedom and liberalism of happiness. Thanks to formalized tools which reflect...

In the context of the development of the Internet, numerous electronic payment systems have been set up in order to secure on line payments. The object of the paper precisely consists in taking the measure of these evolutions to question some banking and monetary incidences of the development of...

How should we evaluate public health policy when unobservable heterogeneities create not only differences in the intercept of the regression lines, but also differences in policy effects (i.e. slopes) ? This paper applies a method based on latent class models, to evaluate the impact of...

This paper empirically tests the hypothesis that the effect of remittances on income inequality depends on who migrates abroad. To our knowledge, no macroeconomic study examining the effect of remittances on inequality has considered the composition of migratory flows. To reveal at the...

How cooperation emerges between non-kins is a key issue for understanding the evolution of societies. Exploring the role of the heterogeneity of social preferences in the decision to contribute to the provision of public goods reveals that conditional cooperation explains the decay of...