In this paper, we measure the impact of a number of information providers on youth smoking. Using French epidemiological data on the health and lifestyles of teenagers in secondary schools, we estimate a Box-Cox double-hurdle model of tobacco consumption, where the information variables are...

We reexamine the mechanism of prospective reimbursement when the regulator does not observe hospitals? cost characteristics, which can depend on exogenous variables and idiosyncratic shocks. In this framework, we formally develop the "reduced-form" of yardstick competition, which allows the...