Giraudet, Louis-Gaëtan; Quirion, Philippe - In: Revue d'économie politique 118 (2008) 6, pp. 885-914
Tradable White Certificates (TWC) schemes, also labelled Energy-Efficiency Certificatesschemes, were recently implemented in Great Britain, Italy and France. Energy suppliers have to fund a given quantity of energy efficiency measures, or to buy so-called?white certificates? from other suppliers...