[eng] Rethinking on International Aids for Eastern Europe The transition of the Eastern European countries toward market economies will be longer and more difficult that what had been initially imagined. The collapse of the communist system was generally accompanied by violent therapies...

[eng] External constraint and competitiveness in the transition toward the economic and monetary union Michel Aglietta, Camille Baulant Real convergence was not tackled formally within the criteria of the Maastricht Treaty. However, it underlies the monetary crisis in Europe and makes the...

The current globalization process contrasts with the first globalization, in the second half of the XIXth century, with respect to international flows of production factors and to monetary arrangements: during the first globalization, Great Britain, the then dominant power, was a high saving,...

[eng] France and Italy facing their European Destiny Michel Aglietta and Jacques Le Cacheux Over the past few decades, the French and Italian economies have gone through disturbances that have, in many respects, been similar. The economic policies carried out on both sides of the Alps have,...