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This work documents a persistent life expectancy heterogeneity by gender and geography in Italy during the period 1995-2019. Based on deviations of life expectancy at age 65, it quantifies the implicit tax/subsidy mechanism triggered when pensions annuities are computed by adopting the same...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012508553
The broadly used pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system is intrinsically wrong. The essence of the problem is that the PAYG system distributes the yield of raising children, i.e., of human capital investment (which is essentially the pension contribution), in such a way that it disregards the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012508684
developed countries have created government reserve funds to ensure macroeconomic sustainability. This paper aims to study the … importance that this reserve fund plays in the sustainability of the Spanish public pension system. Using data for the 2000 to …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013363083
This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of reputational risk and sustainability. The research was conducted … sustainability. We identified nine research streams: reputation risk, reputation risk and sustainability, supply chain management …, social responsibility, reputation risk management, strategic approach, sustainable development, corporate sustainability and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013206034
Discussions on personal bankruptcy regulations are usually focused on the controversial effects of leniency on society, economy, financial markets, entrepreneurship, and labour supply. However, the methodology of measuring leniency has been limited to one-time legislative changes or some...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012632007
Increasing retirement ages in an automatic or scheduled way with increasing life expectancy at retirement is a popular pension policy response to continuous longevity improvements. The question addressed here is: to what extent is simply adopting this approach likely to fulfill the overall goals...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012597036
sustainability factor, scheduled to come into effect in 2019 but delayed until 2023, and its ultimate reversal cannot be ruled out … work. This work was only intended to analyze the impact of the Sustainability Factor, therefore, it did not take into … the data used is the second contribution of this work. The application of the sustainability factor would improve the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012391702
Previous research predicts an increasing financial deficit in Algeria's PAYG retirement system, mainly due to rapid population aging, and parametric adjustments will be insufficient to alleviate this imbalance. Mitigating the effects of population aging will necessitate further intervention. In...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014636717
This paper aims to research the topics related to risk included in non-financial disclosure (NFD) of companies listed … on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and explore factors that influence the risk topics ratio in NFD. We applied a content … analysis using topic modeling to discover latent risk topics in NFD. Next, with Ward's clustering, we identified four groups of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012805397
Risk perception is an idiosyncratic process of interpretation. It is a highly personal process of making a decision … based on an individual’s frame of reference that has evolved over time. The purpose of this paper is to find out the risk … perception level of equity investors and to identify the factors influencing their risk perception. The study was conducted using …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012018617