Green bonds are an increasingly important area not only in the financing of investments important to the environment, but recently also as an object of investment. From the investors point of view, the key aspect still remains the efficiency of the investment and its profitability. The subject...

We study price formation in intraday electricity markets in the presence of intermittent renewable generation. We consider the setting where a major producer may interact strategically with a large number of small producers. Using stochastic control theory, we identify the optimal strategies of...

We model the logarithm of the spot price of electricity with a normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) process and the wind speed and wind power production with two Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. In order to reproduce the correlation between the spot price and the wind power production, namely between a...

In this paper we study the effect that mean-reverting components in the arithmetic dynamics of electricity spot price have on the price of a call option on a swap. Our model allows for seasonal effects, spikes, and negative values of the price of electricity. We show that for sufficiently large...

Four deep generative methods for time series are studied on commodity markets and compared with classical probabilistic models. The lack of data in the case of deep hedgers is a common flaw, which deep generative methods seek to address. In the specific case of commodities, it turns out that...

In this study, we consider the pricing of energy derivatives when the evolution of spot prices follows a tempered stable or a CGMY-driven Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. To this end, we first calculate the characteristic function of the transition law of such processes in closed form. This result is...

Wind-power generators around the world face two risks, one due to changes in wind intensity impacting energy production, and the second due to changes in electricity retail prices. To hedge these risks simultaneously, the quanto option is an ideal financial tool. The natural logarithm of...

The aim of the present study is to examine the sustainability reports of cooperatives, which may play an important role in achieving the sustainable development goals and help to identify which economic, environmental, and social sustainability indicators cooperatives are currently reporting....

Risk analysis and management currently have a strong presence in financial institutions, where high performance and energy efficiency are key requirements for acceleration systems, especially when it comes to intraday analysis. In this regard, we approach the estimation of the widely-employed...