variables to aggregate catastrophe risk. The algorithms are based on direct and hierarchical copula trees. Computing speed comes … from the fact that loss aggregation at branching nodes is based on combination of fast approximation to brute … of the total risk. We test the performance of the presented models by accumulating ground-up loss for 29,000 risks …

Requirement (SCR). We examine how classical operational choices concerning the modelling of risk dependence impacts the SCR during … new risk, and the introduction of confidence weights given to the correlation coefficients. The use of genetic algorithms …

insurance portfolio. Hierarchical risk aggregation is performed using bivariate copula trees. Six common parametric copula … is a measure of positive dependence through variance of the aggregate risk. During gross loss accumulation, the marginals …

This paper aims to research the topics related to risk included in non-financial disclosure (NFD) of companies listed … on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and explore factors that influence the risk topics ratio in NFD. We applied a content … analysis using topic modeling to discover latent risk topics in NFD. Next, with Ward's clustering, we identified four groups of …

Risk perception is an idiosyncratic process of interpretation. It is a highly personal process of making a decision … based on an individual’s frame of reference that has evolved over time. The purpose of this paper is to find out the risk … perception level of equity investors and to identify the factors influencing their risk perception. The study was conducted using …

One of the key components of financial risk management is risk measurement. This typically requires modeling …