We replicate the findings of Emlinger and Guimbardr (ERAE, 2020) on the heterogeneous effects of per-unit tariffs on trade patterns for developed and developing countries. Analysing import and export data from 2001 to 2013, they confirm the Alchian-Allen conjecture that per-unit trade costs...

The complexity of the trade policy environment in the European fruit and vegetables market is mostly due to the Entry Price System, a non-tariff measure that regulates imports. We investigate the trade effects of the EPS by estimating a structural gravity model of trade flows from major European...