Although the future extent and effects of global climate change remain uncertain, the expected damages are not zero, and risks of serious environmental and macroeconomic consequences rise with increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the uncertainties, reducing emissions now...

"After the failure of the Copenhagen conference, climate finance has become the buzzword of international climate negotiations. A "fast-track" volume of 30 billion $ has been promised by industrialised countries for emissions mitigation and adaptation activities in developing countries. A...

1. The Clean Development Mechanism gold rush / Axel Michaelowa and Jorund Buen -- 2. Development cooperation and climate change : political-economic determinants of adaptation aid / Katharina Michaelowa and Axel Michaelowa -- 3. How Brazil and China have financed industry development and energy...

1. Carbon taxes as part of the fiscal solution / William G. Gale, Samuel Brown, and Fernando Saltiel -- 2. Choosing among mitigation instruments : how strong is the case for a US carbon tax? / Ian Parry -- 3. Administration of a US carbon tax / Jack Calder -- 4. Carbon taxes to achieve emissions...

"Permit trading is an environmental policy instrument that has received increasing levels of attention over recent years. Coming from the field of air quality management, with the European CO2 emissions trading system being the most prominent example, it enters new fields of application, such as...

pt. 1. Emerging emissions trading schemes in air quality management and climate policy -- pt. 2. Permit trading in land use management and biodiversity -- pt. 3. Water trading and water quality trading -- pt. 4. Overarching design options and conclusions.