to East Germany in 1989 experience a persistent rise in their personal incomes after the fall of the Berlin Wall … within a given West German region invest in East Germany. As a result, West German regions which (for idiosyncratic reasons … capita in the early 1990s. A one standard deviation rise in the share of households with social ties to East Germany in 1989 …

economic mobility. Using standard measures of mobility (with panel data for the western states of Germany and the U.S.) over … the entire period 1984-2006, we find the conventional result that income mobility is greater in Germany. But when we cut … significantly over the years immediately following reunification in Germany but not in the US. …

conditional income distributions in Germany following the reunification. Using a bootstrapped Kolmogorov-Smirnov test we find that …

-time workers, in particular in East Germany, where women's full-time employment has long been normative. …

Germany, who lived in East Germany in 1989, with groups of West German statistical twin workers, all taken from the Socio …. Wages of migrants to West Germany equal the ones of their West German statistical twins. We conclude that labor markets in … East and West Germany are still characterized by wage differences but that the degree of inequality in both regions …

Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the GDR's gender-equal institutions created … a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still differs … from West Germany not only by a higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can earn …