. Different from existing ones, our criteria explicitly recognize the interplay between circumstances and effort. We characterize …

reporting, the EU-SILC data are of great international significance for comparative EU-wide measurement, description, and …

, the implicit assumption was full responsibility for the partner's income, effort and circumstance variables. In this paper …Existing literature on inequality of opportunity (IOp) has failed to address the question as to how the circumstances …, we discuss whether or not the partner's characteristics should be treated as responsibility factors. Using German micro …

.Using German micro data, we empirically analyze how circumstances beyond the sphere of individual control explain inequality …

the full set of endowed circumstances beyond the sphere of individual responsibility. In this paper, we suggest a new …

on affordability measure has little overlap with the existing literature on poverty measurement. A comprehensive …