The income gradient in political participation is a widely accepted stylized fact. This article asks how income effects … on political involvement unfold over time. Using nine panel datasets from six countries, it analyzes whether income … income has an independent influence. Irrespective of indicator, specification, and method (hybrid models, inclusion of lags …

The well-documented positive correlation between income risk and wealth was interpreted as evidence for high amounts of … private wealth balance sheets. Entrepreneurs, who face high income risk, hold more wealth than employees, but it is shown that … statutory pension insurance. The analysis accounts for endogeneity of entrepreneurial choice. …

The well-documented positive correlation between income risk and wealth was interpreted as evidence for high amounts of … private wealth balance sheets. Entrepreneurs, who face high income risk, hold more wealth than employees, but it is shown that … statutory pension insurance. The analysis accounts for endogeneity of entrepreneurial choice. …

the households in the top quartile of the income distribution whereas the savings rates of the other quartiles tend to …

the households in the top quartile of the income distribution whereas the savings rates of the other quartiles tend to …

those who already have life insurance or other public subsidized savings. Furthermore, we show that a contact with an … insurance agent in the previous year is a major factor for the possession of a Riester-pension. …