There is a political goal in Denmark to increase the amount of forest from 12 % to 20-25 % of the land area and approximately 63 % of the land area is farmland which is mainly privately owned. Therefore, political goals with regard to afforestation cannot be satisfactorily reached on state owned...

Similarly to financial risk in markets, physical risk (threat or hazard) has sometimes been treated by adding a premium to the discount rate used for the NPV calculations applied to forestry options. As it happens, a discount rate premium reflecting the rate of threat gives the correct rotation...

The sustainability issue has gained importance during the last two and a half decades, starting with the UN Report “Our Common Future”. As the transformation to a sustainable economy is far from being an automatism, instruments to foster sustainable development are required. This demand has...

Dynamic game theory is applied to analyze the timber market in northern Iran as a duopsony. The Nash equilibrium and the dynamic properties of the system based on marginal adjustments are determined. When timber is sold, the different mills use mixed strategies to give sealed bids. It is found...

While internationally, large-scale forestry projects have gained in importance for climate change mitigation, the implementation of such projects, particularly in regions with smallholder forestry like Southeast and East Asia, faces various obstacles. The organization of smallholders is one...

In Scandinavia a widely adopted biodiversity maintenance measure in managed forests is to leave retention trees to the clearcutting areas. A certain number of retention trees are left to the cutting area permanently as residual trees, which distinguishes them from shelterwood and seed trees. The...

In Finland the Forest Biodiversity Programme for Southern Finland (METSO) aims to halt the decline in forest habitats and species and establish stable favorable trends in forest biodiversity by 2016. Forest protection in the context of the METSO Programme is based on voluntary actions by...

Family forest ownership incorporates economic as well as several other motivations. While traditional rural livelihood has lost significance in the Nordic countries, multiple motives of forest owners have risen to the forefront of guiding owners' forest management behavior. At the same time, the...

In 2007, the first prototype of the Fixteri bundle harvester capable of incorporating whole-tree compaction into the cutting phase was launched by Biotukki Oy. The bundles are hauled by a standard forwarder to the roadside storage, from where pulpwood bundles are transported by a standard timber...