The purpose is to find differences in return on capital for Japanese pulp and paper companies. The hypothesis is that return on capital can be explained by mill size, productivity, production line, financial data and use of wood resources. Return on capital is measured as income before tax...

Vertical integration in forest industry refers to firms that provide large portion of wood from their own or controlled forests. Access to resources and competition for cost effective acquisition of industrial raw material are some of the main concerns and advantages for globalized forestry...

This paper analyzes the effects of using product costs derived from an LP-model for managing the salesmen's efforts at a sawmill company. The salesmen are not controlled by sales quota, as is usual, but assessed by the accounting profit they generate. The analysis is realized by a computer...

There is a need for customized tools capable of providing more holistic, integrated information about forest-based SCs. This study evaluates uses (current and potential) of performance indicators (PIs) for enhancing SC management in the wood industry. Literature on PIs in SCs is reviewed, and...

The forest owners' timber-selling satisfaction has been researched only a little even it can be considered as an essential feature in the timber-sales transactions. The satisfaction survey was conducted for the Finnish non-industrial private forest owners. Forest owners sent back 796 completed...

Mainstream economists have begun voicing disquiet about how dicounting affects values ascribed to the distant future. It has been proposed that discount rates should decline through time. Some reasons for this (hyperbolic discounting by one individual, fair treatment of future generations,...

Logging contractor profits have been reported to decrease substantially in Swedish forestry in later years. During the same period there have been reports on a declining work environment in logging leading to difficult recruitment of personnel. Previous research has shown needs for both business...

Selective logging operations in natural tropical forests often involve a very limited number of commercial tree species and if the density of these species is low, the number of trees felled may be only a few per ha. Consequently the costs of road and trail networks have a significant impact on...