Most policy-makers, academics and business people still perceive R&D as a single well-defined thing instead of a multi-facetted activity. Even after decades of debate and critique of simplistic notions of what is R&D, narrow conceptions of R&D are still prevalent and lead inexorably to...

Investment in biotechnology has yielded relatively disappointing results and illustrates the gap between the promise and reality of new science. This begs the question: Does research on 'life' bring different complexities and uncertainties that act as a barrier to the application of new biology...

Based on research carried out in 1996, this paper explores how different actors and interest groups are responding to the current crisis of industrialisation and technological developmentin Tanzania. The background to the crisis is of a gradual crumbling of Tanzania's stateled model of...

‘Brain drain’ is viewed as a curse for developing countries but analysis suggests it may provide crucial advantage to some countries. ‘Reverse brain drain’ of engineers and scientists trained in the USA or Europe can accelerate technological catch-up. Communities of returned scientists...

This article reports on a detailed study of large agro-biotechnology companies, conducted during the recent period of rapid industrial restructuring. The concept of life science synergy, involving a useful cross-fertilisation of ideas between the development of new drugs and new crop protection...

Despite various institutional reforms in the European Union (EU), regulatory procedures for genetically modified (GM) products are still held up by disagreements among experts; claims about a product's safety often correspond to a narrower account of precaution than broader counter-claims from...