The South African government is seeking to shift the economy from being efficiency driven toward being more knowledge-intensive. Noting that the economy is dominated by services we examine research and development (R&D) and innovation in the sector using data from the national R&D and innovation...

The paper examines how the South African national system of innovation (NSI) has evolved through the transition from apartheid to democracy. To provide structure to this analysis Kim's 1998 concept of the ‘constructed crisis’ in firms is applied at the level of the state. This schema is...