Nations, universities, and regional governments promote the dissemination of scientific and technical knowledge. They focus on knowledge-based innovations and the university's economic function in terms of technology transfer, intellectual property, university--industry--government relations...

At a workshop in Amsterdam in January 1996, the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations was discussed with a focus on the future of university research in the emerging regime of knowledge production and dissemination. The helices are hypothesized as selection mechanisms; the...

The Second Conference on the Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations focused on “the future location of research.” In this report, the Triple Helix thesis is developed into a recursive model of how an overlay of communications operates on the underlying institutions. Market...

Policy analysis must be broadened beyond the realm of government actions to incorporate the negotiations that take place among university, industry, and government. In this special issue the emergence of trilateral initiatives and their bilateral precursors is identified. The individual...

Institutional arrangements of university-industry-government relations raise political questions because the public/private divide can to a certain extent be reconstructed within these networks. The institutional questions resound with concerns about the new technologies (such as genetically...

After two decades of relative silence, science shops seem to be back on the agenda of science policy-making. In this article, country-specific and country-independent factors for their success and failure and their co-operation with civil society are discussed in terms of different traditions in...