How much risk sharing takes place between regions within countries, between countries internationally, and what are the lessons for EMU? We study these questions based on regional data from the US, Canada, the UK and Italy, and national data from an international sample of 23 OECD countries,...

The gold standard was a system of fixed exchange rates that offered little opportunity for carrying out monetary policies, short of suspending gold convertibility. Trade integration and capital mobility were very high. It is worthwhile asking whether there are useful lessons to draw for EMU from...

This article aims to explain the British money stock and to shed general light on the British monetary system. The money stock does not depend strictly on popular preferences outside the banks and the authorities. Regulations do not permit the British banks to take an uncovered position in a...