Using detailed historical data for the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, evidence is found in support of the hypothesis that overcrowding is a significant cause of infant mortality. We distinguish between voluntary overcrowding (due to the budgetary choices of poor families) and involuntary...

The Scottish economy has experienced relative and, since 1974, absolute declines in manufacturing activity. Using econometric specifications which relate manufacturin g output to total domestic U.K. and world demand, the authors demonst rate that this is a serious regional problem, despite the...