Financial economics holds that payment streams should be valued using discount rates that reflect the cash flows' risks. In the case of pension liabilities, the appropriate discount rate for a pension fund's liabilities is the expected rate of return on a portfolio that would be held under a...

In this paper, we use financial valuation techniques to measure the unfunded liabilities associated with the PBGC single‐employer pension insurance program. This is an alternative approach to the calculations of expected future PBGC payouts in the PBGC Exposure Reports. The PBGC insurance is...