For most individuals, the use made of health care in a given year is determined principally by unpredictable random incidents. Of course, some individuals have a predictably higher predisposition to illness than others. However, the general consensus is that only a fraction of individual...

Improving the health and wellbeing of citizens ranks highly on the agenda of most governments. Policy action to enhance health and wellbeing can be targeted at a range of geographical levels and in England the focus has tended to shift away from the national level to smaller areas, such as...

An evaluation which involved documentary analysis, observation and interviews with teachers, students and nurses in four educational institutions, revealed that the interpretation and implementation of a philosophy of health in nursing in the UK has been variable. A small but influential group...

This article examines the reciprocal relationships between work variables and health outcomes and if these relationships differ by social class (measured by occupational grouping). We used longitudinal data from the 1994/95-2002/03 Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Karasek's...

The needs component of the current formulae for allocating resources for hospital services and prescribing in England is based on a utilisation approach. This assumes that expenditure on NHS activity in different geographical areas reflects relative needs and supply conditions, and that these...

This study measures socioeconomic inequalities in health across European Union Member States between 1994 and 2001. The analysis is based on the European Community Household Panel Users' Database (ECHP-UDB) and uses two binary indicators of health limitations for the full 8 waves of available...

An economic evaluation of beta interferon therapy collected quality of life data from 62 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, currently in remission. Each completed a postal questionnaire consisting of the Euroqol EQ-5D questionnaire, the MSQOL-54 (a disease-specific measure...

This paper examines the influence of household membership and area of residence on individual drinking behaviour using a multilevel modelling approach. The effects are investigated using data from the Health Survey for England (HSE) in which multiple interviews were conducted in the same...

Most national surveys of health care utilisation capture only self-reported measures of morbidity. If self-reported morbidity is measured with error, then the results of applied work may be misleading. In this paper we propose a model of the relationship between morbidity and health service...

The pursuit of equity of access to health care is a central objective of many health care systems. This paper first sets out a general theoretical framework within which equity of access can be examined. It then applies the framework by examining the extent to which research evidence has been...