In hindsight, people tend to overestimate what they had known in foresight. Two experiments tested whether this bias is due or at least moderated by the self-presentation motive. In Experiment 1, 165 participants received seven problem cases with two possible outcomes and supporting arguments...

Being in hindsight, people tend to overestimate what they had known in foresight. This phenomenon has been studied for a wide variety of knowledge domains (e.g., episodes with uncertain outcomes, results of football games, or solutions to almanac questions). As a result of these studies,...

What is the interplay of three self-evaluation motives (i.e., self-enhancement, self-assessment, self-verification) in the affective, cognitive, and behavioral domain? Does modifiability of self-views (i.e., assertiveness) moderate motive activation in each domain? Participants (Ps) (a) rated...

Both fairness and trust are crucial to our willingness to cooperate with others. Whereas the importance of both fairness and trust for social interactions has been subject to empirical investigation, less is known about the interplay between the two constructs. In the present work, we...

Hindsight bias is the well researched phenomenon that people falsely believe that they would have correctly predicted the outcome of an event once it is known. In recent years, several authors have doubted the ubiquity of the effect and have reported a reversal under certain conditions. This...

The hindsight bias is the tendency of people to falsely believe that they would have predicted the outcome of an event correctly, once the outcome is known. The present paper addresses the ongoing debate whether the hindsight bias is due to memory impairment or biased reconstruction. The memory...

The hindsight bias represents the tendency of people to falsely believe that they would have predicted the outcome of an event, once the outcome is known. Two experiments will be presented that show a reduction or even reversal of the hindsight bias when the outcome information is...

Feminist linguists claim that masculine forms used in a generic sense (e.g. he referring to a doctor irrespective of sex) facilitate the cognitive representation of men compared to women and make women less visible. A number of experimental studies have confirmed this assumption with regard to...

Hindsight bias ("Knew it all along effect") describes the tendency for people to falsely believe that they would have predicted the outcome of an event, once the outcome is known. Some authors (e.g. Bukszar and Connolly, 1988, Hoch and Loewenstein, 1989, Fischhoff, 1975) assumed, that in...