This book assesses major schools of thought in macroeconomic theory between the Great Depression and the Long Recession, focusing on their analysis of cycles, crises and macro-policy. It explores the road from the dominance of Keynesian ideas to those of New Classical Macroeconomics (NCM) toward...

Iraq is facing daunting challenges of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) insurgency, political upheaval, and profound economic and humanitarian crises. Compounding the ISIS-related crisis, the sharp decline in global oil prices has resulted in significant decline in oil export revenues....

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has triggered a deep global economic recession. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) shock is the most adverse peacetime shock to the global economy in a century. The Russian Federation possesses a high-quality education system that is recognized internationally....

Malawi's new Government has inherited a difficult situation: the global COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted the country's trajectory for a third straight year of faster growth, and tackling its impacts will present a considerable challenge. Growth improved to an estimated 4.4 percent in 2019, up...

The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context and assesses the implications of these developments and other...

Although emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) weathered the global recession a decade ago relatively well, they now appear less well placed to cope with the substantial downside risks facing the global economy. In many EMDEs, the room for monetary and fiscal policies to respond to...

Unprecedented monetary policy accommodation in advanced economies and a large, coordinated fiscal stimulus by G20 countries helped to support a solid rebound in global output right after the 2009 Global Recession. However, global growth subsequently slowed to a sluggish pace by pre-recession...

A Short Post-communist Economic History of Emerging Europe -- Pre-crisis Central Banking -- Bubbles Everywhere (the 2000s)Under the Clouds of the Subprime Crisis (July 2007 – September 2008)The Lehman Tsunami (September – October 2008) -- The “Rescue Team” and Rescue Package (October –...

Einleitung -- Die Regierung Biden und die kopernikanische Wende -- Modern Monetary Theory als Teil der Volkswirtschaftslehre -- Was ist Wirtschaftspolitik? -- Wirtschaftspolitik auf Grundlage der MMT -- Ausblick.

Privates Vermögen und Schulden des Staats -- Der natürliche Zins und der optimale Zins im Steady State -- Vermögen und Vermögenswunsch -- Realkapital -- Boden -- Staatsschulden -- Investition, Ersparnis und Stagnation aus keynesianischer Sicht -- Abschließende Bemerkungen zum negativen...