Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank, complimented the impressive work of agencies like the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. Japan is a big player everywhere in the world. The World Bank depends heavily on Japanese financial markets...

This paper reviews the alignment of the customs act of Jamaica to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and recommends changes where gaps are identified. In part II of this paper, the customs act is reviewed against each of the TFA technical measures, in order...

1. Historical context: First Globalization, British Empire, effects on the colonies, Industrial revolution in Britain, Deindustrialization in Bengal, slave trade -- 2. New Globalization starts with the abolition of the Soviet Union in 1991. WTO in 1995, impacts on Yugoslavia, Brazil, India....

In 2016, the Government of India proposed negotiations on an agreement to facilitate trade in services to complement the 2013 World Trade Organization Trade Facilitation Agreement in goods. The proposal did not find much support, but plurilateral talks launched in 2017 on various policy areas...

Beyond their key contribution to value chains in all sectors, services represent a centrally important source of economic and export diversification. This paper discusses how to promote trade in services as a channel for growth, employment, and diversification by assessing services trade costs...

This paper presents new data on the content of preferential trade agreements. The data contain detailed information on the 18 policy areas most frequently covered in preferential trade agreements, focusing on the stated objectives, substantive commitments, and other aspects such as transparency,...

Recent work on China's accession to the World Trade Organizations pays little attention to the wave of reforms in China in the 1980s and 1990s. These reforms created the preconditions for accession and strongly influenced its outcomes. The preeminence of processing trade at the time of accession...

1. China and its New Position in the World Economy -- 2.China's Economic Growth and its Main Sources -- 3. The Growing Importance of China in Global Trade -- 4. FDI as a Driving Force of China's Expansion -- 5. The Importance of the Energy Sector in China's Growth Strategy -- Quo Vadis China

Introduction: Trade Relations, Business Opportunities and Policy Instruments for Fostering Africa's Trade -- Africa and the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement: State of Play, Implementation Challenges and Policy Recommendations in the Digital Era -- Trade Facilitation and SPS from an African...