1.Introduction -- Part I: Fundamental Issues -- 2. Expanding the Content of Regional Science--Risks and Rewards, An Essay -- 3. Is Regional Science just Economics with a "dij" added to all Equations? Some Thoughts of an Economist -- 4. Sustainability and Resilience through Micro-Scale Decisions...

Chapter 1: The socio-economic impact of cultural heritage: setting the scene -- Part 1: From cultural heritage to local development: the role of tourism -- Chapter 2: Cultural heritage, tourism and economic development in the existing literature and beyond -- Chapter 3: From cultural heritage to...

Financial inclusion can help promote development. Inclusive financial systems allow people to invest in their education and health, save for retirement, capitalize on business opportunities, and confront shocks. In the Europe and Central Asia region, there is great variation in financial...

The share of immigrants in Western and Eastern Europe has increased rapidly over the past four decades.Today, one of every three immigrants in the world goes to Europe. Furthermore, although globally onlyone-third of migration takes place within regions, intraregional migration is especially...

The effect of structural reforms on growth in Europe and Central Asia is assessed by looking separately at each supply-side channel: capital, labor, and productivity, with the last estimated using the stochastic frontier approach. By controlling for the interaction with the economic cycle, the...

With slowing global growth and increasing uncertainty clouding the global economic prospects,the Europe and Central Asia region faces a more challenging context than previously envisioned.Growth in the emerging markets and developing economies in the region slowed in 2018 and isprojected to...

In 2018, the World Bank launched the Human Capital Index (HCI), which is designed to highlight how improvements in current health and education outcomes will shape the productivity of the next generation of workers. The HCI measures the amount of human capital that a child born today can expect...

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit human capital directly in Europe and Central Asia, adversely affecting both education and health. School closures may lead to learning losses equivalent to a third to a full year of schooling, and they are likely to exacerbate inequalities, by disproportionately...

This report is organized in four sections. Section one provides an overview of the context in which many ECA cities consolidated. This section includes a review of the key factors that shaped the urban systems of ECA, including a discussion of the implication of urbanizing under planned...

John. J. McCloy, President of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, discussed the U.S. announcement of the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan). This ambitious plan must be economically successful. The inherent strengths of Europe give reasonable assurance of the...