Global trade growth slowed in 2018 amid a weakening of economic growth in China and the Euro Area and rising trade protectionism. The volume of trade grew by 3.8 percent, down from 5.4 percent in 2017, but has shown signs of reviving in the first quarter of 2019. However, the U.S. tariff...

1. Historical context: First Globalization, British Empire, effects on the colonies, Industrial revolution in Britain, Deindustrialization in Bengal, slave trade -- 2. New Globalization starts with the abolition of the Soviet Union in 1991. WTO in 1995, impacts on Yugoslavia, Brazil, India....

Chapter 1: Panama, Supply Chain Security, and the Rise of Globalization -- Chapter 2: The Canal and American Ascendancy -- Chapter 3: A Success Story made in Panama -- Chapter 4: The Canal of Panama and the Natural Gas Revolution -- Chapter 5: Macro-Trends Impacting the Future of the Canal and...

"Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis,...

The automotive sector is one of the most important industries globally and in South Asia, contributing 19 million of direct and indirect jobs in India alone. This case study identifies both reasons for success and limits on the growth of automotive in South Asia, and recommends policies to...

The paper is structured in six further sections following this introduction. Section two develops a conceptual framework, and reviews the literature on the relationship between trade integration and labor market outcomes. Section three outlines the empirical framework and data used in the...

1. China and its New Position in the World Economy -- 2.China's Economic Growth and its Main Sources -- 3. The Growing Importance of China in Global Trade -- 4. FDI as a Driving Force of China's Expansion -- 5. The Importance of the Energy Sector in China's Growth Strategy -- Quo Vadis China

Preferential trade agreements have become deeper over time, often encompassing policy areas that go beyond traditional trade policy, such as investment, competition, and intellectual property rights protection. In the literature, a prominent argument why countries sign "deep" agreements is to...

Services play a role in global value chains in many ways, similar to goods. But services deserve special attention because of how they are transacted, how they affect downstream sectors, how they are regulated, and how international cooperation can contribute to integrating national markets....

The paper offers an overview of some key conceptual aspects associated with the rise of global value chains (GVCs). It outlines a series of alternative interpretations and definitions of what the rise of GVCs entails, and it traces the implications of these alternative conceptualizations for the...