why banks must be supervised? -- How that all come to be? -- Big Depression – events forcing the regulator’s hand -- Great recession- the ugly daughter of deregulation -- The asymmetry -- How can supervision prevent financial crises? .

1. Emerging Risks: An Overview; Thomas Walker, Dieter Gramlich, Kalima Vico, and Adele Dumont-Bergeron -- Part I. Ecological Risks -- 2. Climate Change: Macroeconomic Impact and Implications for Monetary Policy; Sandra Batten, Rhiannon Sowerbutts, and Misa Tanaka -- 3. Global Warming and Extreme...

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. From War Financier to Bankers’ Bank -- Chapter 3. Central Banks under the Gold Standard -- Chapter 4. The Federal Reserve: A Unique Institution -- Chapter 5. From War to War: 1914-1939 -- Chapter 6. Post-war Progress: 1946-1960 -- Chapter 7. The 1960s:...

This open access book gives a concise introduction to the practical implementation of monetary policy by modern central banks. It describes the conventional instruments used in advanced economies and the unconventional instruments that have been widely adopted since the financial crisis of...