The quality of life experienced by people in the past is one of the most important areas of historical enquiry, and the standard of living of populations is one of the leading measures of the economic performance of nations. Yet how accurate is the information on which these judgments are based?...

This book examines economic inequality and social disparity in Iran, together with their drivers, over the past four decades. During this period, income distribution and economic welfare were affected by the 1979 Revolution, the eight-year war with Iraq, post-war privatization and economic...

Over the past 30 years sustainability has become increasingly important to scholarly research and business in practice. This book explores a variety of challenges faced by businesses when becoming sustainable and how this links to economic development and its corruption, ethical and taxation...

This book examines the current and controversial topic of the sulphur cap in maritime supply chains, a new regulation set to be enforced in 2020. The author presents extensive research on three northern countries - Finland, Sweden and Estonia - and the effects they felt when these regulations...

This book explores the formation and evolution of Scandinavian central banks. It begins by defining the nature of “central banking” in general, before moving on to investigate how and when it became meaningful to regard today’s Scandinavian central banks as such. It also explores how...

This book explores environmental challenges in the Baltic region from an economic perspective. Featuring contributions by regional experts from Nordic, Baltic and Eastern European countries it addresses the response to eutrophication caused by increased nutrients in the sea from agriculture,...

This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 7th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems, SCIS 2016, as well as of the IFIP Working Group 8.6 Conference, both held together in Ljungskile, Sweden, August 2016. The 7th SCIS conference had the theme “Living in the cloud” and...

This book gives a comprehensive description of macroeconometric modeling and its development over time. The first part depicts the history of macroeconometric model building, starting with Jan Tinbergen's and Lawrence R. Klein's contributions. It is unique in summarizing the development and...

The book describes the birth and growth of financial institutions and stock exchanges in Scandinavia and Finland from 1656 to 2010, including their banking crises and the history of banking regulation. It argues that quantitative regulations cannot, in the long run, produce the desired results...