Adjustment of small, medium, and large Vermont dairy farms to successively tighter constraints on phosphorus loss was modeled using linear programming. Aggregate response to phosphorus control was estimated for an area from farm marginal costs. Medium and large farms have lower costs than small...

Local and regional risk management programs imply different results than the existing emphasis of public management on a chemical by chemical, source by source basis for social control. Local multi-hazard risk management programs are beginning to be encouraged, are complementary to existing...