developing a new methodology to separate firms' credit shocks from loan supply shocks, using a vast sample of matched bank …-firm lending data. We decompose loan movements in Japan for the period 1990 to 2010 into bank, firm, industry, and common shocks … economy, which creates a role for granular shocks, as in Gabaix (2011). As a result, idiosyncratic bank shocks - movements in …

financial services, the number of U.S. bank branches has continued to increase steadily over time. Further, an increasing … lower bank-average deposits per branch and roughly equal volumes of small business loans per branch, but no reduction in net …-sized branch networks had lower bank-average deposits and small business loan volume per branch, but had lower net deposit costs …