closely tied to fluctuations in the leverage of market-based financial intermediaries. Offering a window on liquidity, the …

’s interventions during different stages of the crisis in terms of this literature. We interpret the Fed’s early-stage liquidity … periods of high liquidity risk. In contrast, reductions in the Fed’s liquidity supply in 2009 did not increase the spread. Our … analysis has implications for the impact on asset prices of a potential withdrawal of liquidity supply by the Fed. -- Financial …

provide liquidity at a very high rate of interest. However, most of the theoretical literature on liquidity provision suggests … reserves available is limited. A high price for this liquidity allows banks that need it most to self-select. To the contrary …. -- liquidity provision ; lender of last resort ; Bagehot ; commodity money …

This paper explores liquidity movements in stock and Treasury bond markets over a period of more than 1800 trading days …. Cross-market dynamics in liquidity are documented by estimating a vector autoregressive model for liquidity (that is, bid … in one market affects the spreads in both markets, and that return volatility is an important driver of liquidity …

transmission of monetary policies of the United States, the euro area, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Two other studies use …