Maternal mortality was the second-leading cause of death for women in childbearing years up until the mid-1930s in the … United States. For each death, twenty times as many mothers were estimated to suffer pregnancy-related conditions, often … leading to severe and prolonged disablement. Poor maternal health made it particularly hard for mothers to engage in market …

"This paper examines the causes of the observed increase in the average duration of unemployment over the past thirty … institutional changes can only partially account for the longer duration of unemployment. We construct a job search model and … calibrate it to U.S. data. The results indicate that more than 70 percent of the increase in the duration of unemployment over …