order to conserve scarce liquidity. Even in the era of large central bank balance sheets, rather than funding payments with … on liquidity constraints revealed by payment behavior, our results shed light on thresholds for the adequacy of reserve …

We estimate the option value of municipal liquidity by studying bond market activity and public sector hiring decisions … eligibility population cutoffs introduced by the federal sector's Municipal Liquidity Facility (MLF) to study the effects of an … emergency liquidity option on yields, primary debt issuance, and public sector employment. We find that while the announcement …

and liquidity has increased since the late 1990s, and to a lesser extent because economic growth has slowed. We reach this …

We propose a new framework for monetary policy analysis to study monetary policy normalization when exiting a liquidity … trap. The optimal combination of reserves and interest rate policy requires an increase in liquidity (reserves) a few … tightening starts before the liftoff of the policy rate. Moreover, the withdrawal of liquidity takes place at a very slow pace …

We study liquidity and systemic risk in high-value payment systems. Flows in high-value systems are characterized by … comparative statics analyses on changes to the environment. We find that banks attempting to conserve liquidity cause an increase …