, and the bank approval disparity is also larger in more racially biased counties. We conclude that insofar as automation by …

developing a new methodology to separate firms' credit shocks from loan supply shocks, using a vast sample of matched bank …-firm lending data. We decompose loan movements in Japan for the period 1990 to 2010 into bank, firm, industry, and common shocks … economy, which creates a role for granular shocks, as in Gabaix (2011). As a result, idiosyncratic bank shocks - movements in …

of bank regulatory capital. Our results show that following Basel I, undrawn fees and all-in-drawn credit spreads on …

through which regulation could have affected bank incentives. …

The Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System is a large, complex, and understudied government-sponsored liquidity facility … provide evidence on the uses of these funds by the System’s bank and thrift members. Next, we identify the trade-offs faced by … about the respective roles of the various liquidity facilities would be helpful. -- Federal Home Loan Bank ; government …

the retail deposit supply owing to, for example, a decrease in bank reserves or in money demand, banks try to substitute … monetary policy transmission through the bank lending channel by limiting the funding substitution of large banks. …

well as bank risk-taking, growth, and operating costs. We use a difference-in-differences approach, making use of the fact … in large "jumbo" mortgages. We find no clear evidence of substitution in lending between bank and nonbank subsidiaries …, or effects on asset growth or bank noninterest expenses. …