Canadian banknotes (Engert et al., 2019). Estimating foreign cash demand is difficult due to data availability issues and …

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries. The seven diary surveys … were conducted in 2009 (Canada), 2010 (Australia), 2011 (Austria, France, Germany and the Netherlands), and 2012 (the … United States). Our paper finds cross-country differences - for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries …

An important feature of physical cash payments is resilience, which is due to their indifference to power outages or … network coverage. Many central banks are exploring issuing digital cash substitutes with similar online payment functionality …. Such substitutes could incorporate novel features, making them more desirable than physical cash. This paper considers …

Using an exclusive data set of payment times for retail transactions made in Canada, I show that cash is the most time … under observation. Discounting consumer selection underestimates the efficiency of cash relative to cards. Overall, the … cash helps explain its continued use in Canada, which is motivated by its low cost in terms of payment time for consumers …