We develop a model to explain a puzzling trend in cash demand in recent years: the value of bank notes in circulation … as a percentage of GDP has remained stable despite decreasing cash usage at points of sale owing to competition from … alternative means of payment such as credit cards. The main feature of the model is that cash circulates between economic …

circulation. This paper describes some lessons relevant to e-money from the U.S. experience during this period. It argues that …

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries. The seven diary surveys … United States). Our paper finds cross-country differences - for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries …. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash …

In the United States prior to 1863 each bank issued its own distinct notes. E-money shares many of the characteristics … of these bank notes. This paper describes some lessons relevant to e-money from the U.S. experience with state bank notes …

bank issued its own notes. E-money shares many of the characteristics of these bank notes. This paper describes some … bank notes suggests that a privately-issued e-money system can operate efficiently but will require government intervention …

Canadian banknotes (Engert et al., 2019). Estimating foreign cash demand is difficult due to data availability issues and …

innovations on cash usage. We estimate a semiparametric panel data model that accounts for unobserved heterogeneity and allows for … general forms of non-random attrition. We use annual data from the CFM on the methods of payment and cash usage for the period … 2010 - 12. Estimates based on crosssectional methods find a large impact of retail payment on cash usage (around 10 percent …

. Nevertheless, the use of cash remains significant. We hypothesize that the lack of card acceptance at the point of sale is a key … reason why cash continues to play an important role. We formulate a simple inventory model that predicts that the level of … cash demand falls with an increase in card acceptance. We use detailed payment diary data from Austrian and Canadian …