Many stochastic differential equations (SDEs) do not have readily available closed-form expressions for their transitional probability density functions (PDFs). As a result, a large number of competing estimation approaches have been proposed in order to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of...

Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the parameters of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are consistent and asymptotically efficient, but unfortunately difficult to obtain if a closed form expression for the transitional density of the process is not available. As a result, a large number...