Expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm has been used to maximize the likelihood function or posterior when the model contains unobserved latent variables. One main important application of EM algorithm is to find the maximum likelihood estimator for mixture models. In this article, we propose...

Nonlinear state space models with mixed-effect (NLMESSM) are proposed to model HIV clinical longitudinal data. With NLMESSM, filtering algorithms are proposed to estimate the individual/population states. Maximum likelihood via iterated filtering and variance components model are proposed to...

We investigate the possibility of approximating the variance gamma distribution with a finite mixture of normals. Therefore, we apply this result to derive a simple historical estimation procedure by means of the Expectation Maximization algorithm.

Robust estimation procedures for linear and mixture linear errors-in-variables regression models are proposed based on the relationship between the least absolute deviation criterion and maximum likelihood estimation in a Laplace distribution. The finite sample performance of the proposed...

The em algorithm can be used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters for skew-t mixture models. We show that the intractable expectations needed in the e-step can be written out analytically. These closed form expressions bypass the need for numerical estimation procedures,...

Beyond the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm for vector parameters, the EM for an unknown distribution function is often used in mixture models, density estimation, and signal recovery problems. We prove the convergence of the EM in functional spaces and show the EM likelihoods in this...