Economies of scope in data aggregation (ESDA) are attracting the attention of policymakers and researchers because of the efficiency gains they could bring about. Antitrust authorities, in turn, are concerned about their potential anti-competitive outcomes. However, the concept remains blurry...

This paper examines some key features of the proposed European Union Data Act (European Commission, 2022a). It gives users of tangible digital products and devices access and portability rights to the data generated by their use. This is a pro-competitive measure that weakens the de-facto...