Economic analysis has contributed to a better understanding and a better functioning of law at different levels of generality. As far as legal reasoning is concerned, these contributions fall into two large groups. Economics in legal reasoning concerns arguments about the purposes and...

In November 2011 Sweden abolished the uniform national electricity price and introduced separate price zones. This was the result of an antitrust settlement between the Commission and the Swedish network operator, which was accused of discriminating between domestic and export electricity...

The European Commission is looking for new ways of enforcing EU competition law faster to enhance the effectiveness of antitrust intervention. Against this context, this article explores a tool that is already at the Commission’s disposal: interim measures. These allow the Commission to...

This article is the first that discusses how national enforcement authorities have been using bundling, meaning tying or rolling up a number of things together, to settle with corporations over multiple bribery allegations. These settlements rely on some allegedly illegal acts that defendants...

In this paper we look at the Turkish reform process with regard to the Kurdish minority from the perspective of Europeanization and in the light of the external incentives model. As a result, the paper provides a systematic analysis of recent political developments in this area. Additionally,...

Consistency is a legal requirement that is imposed by the Court of Justice on national claims to an objective justification of barriers to free movement that are based on public policy. As this requirement is seemingly used more frequently, it may be developing into a principle of EU law as...

On 13 June 2019, Advocate General Hogan issued his opinion on Case C-363/18 Organisation juive européenne, Vignoble Psagot Ltd v Ministre de l'Economie et des Finances, currently pending with the Court of Justice. In this case, referred by the Conseil d'État, the Court was invited to rule...

Public authority has been increasingly engaging with private actors for the purpose of regulating transnationally social and environmental responsibility of global production. ‘Orchestration' of private actors takes place under limited influence and control over the regulatory effects of...

In 2015, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standardization Association made some controversial changes to its patent policy. The changes include a recommended method of calculation of FRAND royalty rates, and a request to members holding a standard essential patent...