The genus Cecidomyia contains 11 species, 8 from North America and 3 from Eurasia. Most are only broadly host specific and occur on many species of pines in North America and also spruce and fir in Europe. The larvae feed on pitch and can cause extensive primary damage. The species are analyzed...

Pollution from agricultural activity depends on the agricultural practices or technologies that farmers employ. Adoption of less polluting practices can be induced by a variety of policy instruments. Cost-$haring by the government to reduce the costs of technology adoption and/or implementation...