Brazil has evolved strikingly in the last few years in the area of health assistance and access to medicines by its aging and urbanizing population. The government has also set the health industry - which includes pharmaceutical innovation - as one of its strategic sectors to be developed in the...

The present study - descriptive - aimed to investigate federal funds through the management block of the National Health Fund (FNS). The analysis was conducted for all Brazilian municipalities, at the most disaggregated level: Action/Strategy/Service, but also at the Component level. The...

This work follows the series of studies conducted in Ipea, in order to compare the efficiency of the Brazilian health system to health systems of other countries. We evaluate the efficiency of expenditure in health care provision by comparing various output measures (life expectancy; infant...

We evaluate the efficiency of expenditure in health care provision by comparing various output measures (life expectancy; infant survival rate; years of life recovered from diseases; population; area) from the health system of Brazilian, Latina America and Caribbean Countries with an expenditure...

In most developing countries, small and medium firms in the informal sector have grown steadily over the last decade as a consequence of regulation and increasing international competition. In these places, the great challenge for policymakers and economic-development practitioners today is how...

In this paper, we characterize the domestic cargo flows for imports and exports, from and towards the Brazilian ports. Based on this characterization, it is possible to calculate basic competitiveness indicators, for different cargo types. We also present a discussion on minimum efficient scales...

In this paper, we analyze the structure of geographic markets for the port sector in Brazil, identifying influence areas for its main ports. We employed spatial clustering algorithms, based on foreign trade data. We observed that the geographic factor seems to be extremely important in...

In this paper, we present some models to analyze the impacts of surface transportation logistic costs on importers and exporters decisions on which ports to choose for foreign trade operations. We employed a technique based on fractional split distributions, in which the dependent variable...

The research evaluates Brazilian alignment to the OECD normative on the environment and climate change. It has three parts. The first describes the trajectory of the accession criteria, indicating how environment and climate change have come to influence the like-mindedness criterion. Given...

This work is divided into two complementary parts. In the first part, we develop a partial equilibrium model, through which it is possible to analyze the influence of tariff modicity and the illegal occupation of poles on four agents: energy distributors, telecommunications operators, and energy...